A core outcome set for trials in miscarriage management and prevention: An international consensus development study
Dhillon‐Smith RK., Melo P., Devall AJ., Smith PP., Al‐Memar M., Barnhart K., Condous G., Christiansen OB., Goddijn M., Jurkovic D., Lissauer D., Maheshwari A., Oladapo OT., Preisler J., Regan L., Small R., Stephenson M., Wijeyaratne C., Quenby S., Bourne T., Coomarasamy A.
AbstractObjectiveTo develop core outcome sets (COS) for miscarriage management and prevention.DesignModified Delphi survey combined with a consensus development meeting.SettingInternational.PopulationStakeholder groups included healthcare providers, international experts, researchers, charities and couples with lived experience of miscarriage from 15 countries: 129 stakeholders for miscarriage management and 437 for miscarriage prevention.MethodsModified Delphi method and modified nominal group technique.ResultsThe final COS for miscarriage management comprises six outcomes: efficacy of treatment, heavy vaginal bleeding, pelvic infection, maternal death, treatment or procedure‐related complications, and patient satisfaction. The final COS for miscarriage prevention comprises 12 outcomes: pregnancy loss <24 weeks’ gestation, live birth, gestation at birth, pre‐term birth, congenital abnormalities, fetal growth restriction, maternal (antenatal) complications, compliance with intervention, patient satisfaction, maternal hospitalisation, neonatal or infant hospitalisation, and neonatal or infant death. Other outcomes identified as important were mental health‐related outcomes, future fertility and health economic outcomes.ConclusionsThis study has developed two core outcome sets, through robust methodology, that should be implemented across future randomised trials and systematic reviews in miscarriage management and prevention. This work will help to standardise outcome selection, collection and reporting, and improve the quality and safety of future studies in miscarriage.